Industrial most sandpaper belt sandpaper belt abrasive cloth roll , abrasive belt is a high hardness and mechanical strength of a particulate material, which is directly used for the manufacture of abrasive or grinding and polishing as a sandpaper sand with emery cloth roll cutting discs must have the basic features , in general, should meet the following five requirements :
Sandpaper belt abrasive cloth roll hardness must be higher than the hardness of the object to be processed , otherwise , can not be achieved grinding requirements. Modest crush resistance and self -sharpening sandpaper belt abrasive cloth roll have appropriate crush resistance and self-sharpening sex , during grinding , abrasive order love with a compressive, flexural , impact and other stresses , such as its crush resistance is too low, grinding abrasive quickly broken , it is difficult for effective grinding : on the contrary , after blunt abrasive nor broken, not a new blade , so that the grinding unable to proceed, therefore , requires grit blunt after grinding under stress , self- broken, exposing new sharp blade , the grinding process continues . 3 . Sandpaper belt abrasive cloth roll should have good thermal stability
Grinding work, often produce large amounts of heat , high temperatures can be achieved locally as a sandpaper belt abrasive cloth roll at high temperature should be able to maintain a certain hardness and strength , for example, the highest temperature hardness of diamond , but more than 800 ℃ will be carbonized into graphite, the sharp decline in hardness and tile cutting blades strength , which to a certain extent, limit the application of diamond .
4 . Sandpaper belt abrasive cloth roll should have a certain chemical stability c9T Huizhou HTC grinding plant material
Sandpaper belt abrasive cloth roll with the object to be processed is not easy to produce a chemical reaction . Term practice has shown that the grinding is not a simple mechanical process in which the presence of certain chemical reactions , such as silicon carbide sandpaper belt abrasive cloth roll steel processing occurs when following reaction : SiC ( solid ) +4 Fe ( liquid ) → FeSi ( solid ) + Fe3C ( solid) as sandpaper belt abrasive cloth roll and being the processing target a chemical reaction, the abrasive sandpaper belt inherent mechanical properties of the volume change, which affecting the grinding effect .
5 . Ease of processing into particles of different sizes is the use of the abrasive grinding surface composed of many particles to carry out the cutting edge , so the process should sandpaper belt abrasive cloth roll to the desired particle size . Some substances , such as tamping rammer cemented carbide Although high hardness, but because of its toughness is large, compared with sandpaper belt abrasive cloth roll is difficult processed into granules, therefore , not suitable for manufacturing emery cloth sandpaper belt reel .
PCD grinding wheel
2013年9月21日星期六
2013年9月17日星期二
synthetic alternative to natural diamond
Currently, single crystal diamond, PCD (or PCD / CC), and were successfully used for CVD diamond turning, boring tools, drills, reamers, milling cutters, molding knives and other cutting tools Cutting part of the production materials.Varieties of diamond material must be based on the sand paper nature of the material being processed and processing requirements to select, in addition to meet the technical requirements, but also to meet the economic and environmental performance requirements.PCD and PCD / CC materialPCD and PCD / CC is the most commonly used in the production of diamond material, it applies not only usually machining fields, but also widely used in automobiles, motorcycles, high-speed trains, petroleum, chemical, construction, wood processing, and aerospace and other industrial sectors. In the field of cars and motorcycles, PCD and PCD / CC suitable for machining aluminum engine piston skirt, pin hole, cylinder blocks, transmission, carburetor and other wear parts. Most of these components are relatively high silicon content (Si> 12%) of aluminum composite material of high hardness hard particles (such as high hardness of SiC-3000 ~ 3500HV) distributed in the alloy matrix, and if the wheel be the cbn grinding wheel same as the abrasive grains from the cutting edge of the tool abrasion and impact action, leaving the cutting edge wear quickly. The higher the hardness of the hard particles, the larger the particle size, the greater the number of particles, the tool wear faster. Therefore, it is difficult using conventional machining of carbide cutting tools, tool life is very low or impossible to use. Diamond is the world's hardest substance known, the actual use of proven, it is the processing of aluminum matrix composites best tool material.With PCD diamond machining aluminum matrix composites, its cutting speed of tamping rammer up to 800 ~ 1000m/min, tool life is several times higher than the carbide or even several times the surface roughness value of up Ra0.025 ~ 0.012μm. Figure 2 shows the drilling process with PCD tools 20% SiCυ of aluminum matrix composite spiral pump casing application examples.With PCD (or PCD / CC) tooling carbon fiber and glass fiber reinforced plastic (FRP), the chip into a powder, cutting temperature is low, and the length of class K carbide cutting tool 10 times, and not to hard wear carbide tool 1/3PCD (or PCD / CC) also applies to the processing tool after a burn-resistant carbide and non-metallic materials, such as ceramic, rubber, graphite, glass and various wear-resistant timberPCD tool performance depends primarily on its application and the process involved, but the choice of the appropriate grade and particle size can also affect it. Different varieties of PCD inserts, due to its composition of different cutting is very different, and selection must be noted.
sawing machine before installation
commissioning some of the work prepared
One, Saw hydraulic oil should be added on the foot, sliding and rotating parts with a layer of oil.
Second, band sawing machine fitted construction tools with saws, adjustable tension device (rotating saw frame on the left handle) the saw band tension reached a suitable level, while adjusting ran into a good trip switch contact block of iron, in the open state.Third, the cooling water tank Riga enough coolant.Fourth, do more preparatory work, plug in the power, ground must be standard, reliable, turn on the power switch (in the electrical control box), start sawing test, as stated on the wood drill bits label in accordance with rotation correction wiring, while listening to its sound is normal . During operation so that saw bow down automatically with the saw table to drop below 0.5 ~ 1mm, limit switch head hit hit the block automatically rise, when it reaches the limit position height is automatically shut down, three successive experiments. Tension adjustment during operation device in a relaxed state, so leave the hit limit switch contact blocks power off, continuous experiment three times.Fifth, check up, down cylinder device, check the saw bow lift and fall, is reliable and flexible.Six, check the cutting discs clamp, loosen cylinder device, check whether reliable clamping clamping, relaxation is flexible.Seven, adjust the speed control knob, transferred a file (low speed) operation, then governor to two files (high-speed) operation, repeated the experiment three times.Eight, the main motor power switch is turned on, the pump accordingly and start the cooling system to normal operation. Commissioning valves, check the coolant is smooth.Nine, do more preparatory work, the load clamp lock, sawing trial.
One, Saw hydraulic oil should be added on the foot, sliding and rotating parts with a layer of oil.
Second, band sawing machine fitted construction tools with saws, adjustable tension device (rotating saw frame on the left handle) the saw band tension reached a suitable level, while adjusting ran into a good trip switch contact block of iron, in the open state.Third, the cooling water tank Riga enough coolant.Fourth, do more preparatory work, plug in the power, ground must be standard, reliable, turn on the power switch (in the electrical control box), start sawing test, as stated on the wood drill bits label in accordance with rotation correction wiring, while listening to its sound is normal . During operation so that saw bow down automatically with the saw table to drop below 0.5 ~ 1mm, limit switch head hit hit the block automatically rise, when it reaches the limit position height is automatically shut down, three successive experiments. Tension adjustment during operation device in a relaxed state, so leave the hit limit switch contact blocks power off, continuous experiment three times.Fifth, check up, down cylinder device, check the saw bow lift and fall, is reliable and flexible.Six, check the cutting discs clamp, loosen cylinder device, check whether reliable clamping clamping, relaxation is flexible.Seven, adjust the speed control knob, transferred a file (low speed) operation, then governor to two files (high-speed) operation, repeated the experiment three times.Eight, the main motor power switch is turned on, the pump accordingly and start the cooling system to normal operation. Commissioning valves, check the coolant is smooth.Nine, do more preparatory work, the load clamp lock, sawing trial.
2013年9月16日星期一
With an innovative way of producing blade
New era, woodworking equipment are no longer simple tasks such as drilling, open cutting operations such simple processes a single device , the traditional diamond saw only some of the standard process sds plus drill bits stages , reaching effort, time effect , " If you look at appliances, electronics, communications equipment manufacturing plant category , you will find their manufacturing equipment, automation and intelligence to be much more advanced than the furniture , especially in the field of automobile manufacturing , machinery automation can be said to represent the top level, it is also affected by these industries , we have stepped up the development of new processing equipment, woodworking efforts, through numerical control , industrial as well as a more advanced network automation and control , making carving, drilling, cutting and other processes more precise , to achieve a more much shaped timber processing, manufacturing companies to better meet the individual needs of production . "
Although there are still some manufacturers tend to choose the import of foreign equipment, domestic equipment is also true in the machining accuracy slightly inferior to foreign countries, and 4 inch circular saw blade some high-end machinery automation technology abroad China strictly technical monopolies still exist , but the current woodworking machinery and equipment undoubtedly constantly upgraded. Compared to the imported equipment , HE Pei Liu said that the domestic than foreign equipment has several advantages : first, in terms of price , Chinese equipment in the freight and manufacturing costs, etc. is better than abroad , more likely to be a wider range of manufacturing enterprises to accept ; Secondly, in the repair and maintenance areas , post- basic domestic repairs are free , and can respond quickly to the factory to save valuable production time ; addition , more and more need to rely on post- automation equipment and other technical support to upgrade the overall , single in this regard , foreign upgrade cost is quite high . "Because of geography, and other different manufacturing environments , resulting in the use of foreign equipment in the factory various inconveniences , does not tamping rammer necessarily apply to all domestic manufacturers, domestic equipment suppliers closer to the market , a better understanding of plant usage and real needs better able to provide equipment and related services . "
We believe that it is diamond saw blade production level with the world 's advanced level there are still gaps, to promote the healthy development of the industry , companies must be honest self-discipline, strengthen brand building.
Although there are still some manufacturers tend to choose the import of foreign equipment, domestic equipment is also true in the machining accuracy slightly inferior to foreign countries, and 4 inch circular saw blade some high-end machinery automation technology abroad China strictly technical monopolies still exist , but the current woodworking machinery and equipment undoubtedly constantly upgraded. Compared to the imported equipment , HE Pei Liu said that the domestic than foreign equipment has several advantages : first, in terms of price , Chinese equipment in the freight and manufacturing costs, etc. is better than abroad , more likely to be a wider range of manufacturing enterprises to accept ; Secondly, in the repair and maintenance areas , post- basic domestic repairs are free , and can respond quickly to the factory to save valuable production time ; addition , more and more need to rely on post- automation equipment and other technical support to upgrade the overall , single in this regard , foreign upgrade cost is quite high . "Because of geography, and other different manufacturing environments , resulting in the use of foreign equipment in the factory various inconveniences , does not tamping rammer necessarily apply to all domestic manufacturers, domestic equipment suppliers closer to the market , a better understanding of plant usage and real needs better able to provide equipment and related services . "
We believe that it is diamond saw blade production level with the world 's advanced level there are still gaps, to promote the healthy development of the industry , companies must be honest self-discipline, strengthen brand building.
Some of the major diamond wheel applications
By a diamond or cubic boron nitride (CBN) abrasive grinding wheel production , because of its excellent grinding performance , has been widely used for grinding various aspects of the field .
Diamond grinding wheel grinding carbide , glass, ceramics , precious stones high brittle materials effects tools . In recent years , with high-speed ultra-precision grinding technology rapidly grinding
Development , put forward higher diamond bandsaw blades requirements for grinding wheel , ceramic resin bonded grinding wheel has been unable to meet production needs , because of its combination of metal bonded grinding wheel , high strength, good formability ,
Long life and other significant characteristics of the production has been widely used.
Metal bond diamond wheel manufacturers in different ways according to the main there are two types of sintered plating . In order to give full play to the role of super abrasive abroad from the 20th century, 90 years
On behalf of the beginning of the high-temperature brazing process to develop a new wheel, ie high temperature brazing monolayer superabrasive grinding wheels, this wheel is still in the current domestic research and development stage .
2 , sintered diamond wheel
Sintered metal-bonded grinding wheels mostly bronze and other metals as a binder , with the manufacture of high-temperature sintering method , which combines high strength, good formability , high temperature , thermal conductivity
Good wear resistance, long life, can withstand greater loads. Wheel sintering process because inevitably kept the dry cut blades contraction and deformation , so use a facelift before the grinding wheel
But Dresser difficult. Current production methods commonly used plastic roller wheel right when dressing not only time consuming, but the process of finishing off the diamond particles are more trimming
Wheel itself consumes large plastic lower accuracy . France composite dressing method. Electrolytic dressing method is fast , but shaping accuracy is not high ; EDM shaping precision trimming method can be either plastic dressing , but the plastic slowly ; composite dressing method has spark composite electrolytic dressing , mechanical chemical compound trimming method, etc., dressing better, but the system is more complex, so sintered diamond wheel dressing the problem still has not been solved.
Further , since the grinding wheel manufacturing process determines the random surface morphology , each grain geometry, distribution and high degree of inconsistency which the cutting edge , so concrete cutting blade that only a small number of high grinding the cutting edges cut into the workpiece , the grinding quality of the grinding limit further improve the efficiency .
Diamond grinding wheel grinding carbide , glass, ceramics , precious stones high brittle materials effects tools . In recent years , with high-speed ultra-precision grinding technology rapidly grinding
Development , put forward higher diamond bandsaw blades requirements for grinding wheel , ceramic resin bonded grinding wheel has been unable to meet production needs , because of its combination of metal bonded grinding wheel , high strength, good formability ,
Long life and other significant characteristics of the production has been widely used.
Metal bond diamond wheel manufacturers in different ways according to the main there are two types of sintered plating . In order to give full play to the role of super abrasive abroad from the 20th century, 90 years
On behalf of the beginning of the high-temperature brazing process to develop a new wheel, ie high temperature brazing monolayer superabrasive grinding wheels, this wheel is still in the current domestic research and development stage .
2 , sintered diamond wheel
Sintered metal-bonded grinding wheels mostly bronze and other metals as a binder , with the manufacture of high-temperature sintering method , which combines high strength, good formability , high temperature , thermal conductivity
Good wear resistance, long life, can withstand greater loads. Wheel sintering process because inevitably kept the dry cut blades contraction and deformation , so use a facelift before the grinding wheel
But Dresser difficult. Current production methods commonly used plastic roller wheel right when dressing not only time consuming, but the process of finishing off the diamond particles are more trimming
Wheel itself consumes large plastic lower accuracy . France composite dressing method. Electrolytic dressing method is fast , but shaping accuracy is not high ; EDM shaping precision trimming method can be either plastic dressing , but the plastic slowly ; composite dressing method has spark composite electrolytic dressing , mechanical chemical compound trimming method, etc., dressing better, but the system is more complex, so sintered diamond wheel dressing the problem still has not been solved.
Further , since the grinding wheel manufacturing process determines the random surface morphology , each grain geometry, distribution and high degree of inconsistency which the cutting edge , so concrete cutting blade that only a small number of high grinding the cutting edges cut into the workpiece , the grinding quality of the grinding limit further improve the efficiency .
2013年9月15日星期日
saw - some of the factors affecting other
The grit size used in the 30/35 ~ 60/80 range. The more hard rock, should be selected with a finer granularity. Because at the same pressure conditions, the more detailed the more sharp diamond, cut hard rock in favor. In addition, the general requirements of a large-diameter blade cutting efficiency is high, with the coarser particle size should be selected, for example, 30/40, 40/50; small-diameter blade cutting crack chaser efficiency is low, requires smooth rock cutting section, preferably to a smaller particle size, such as 50/60, 60/80.
Segment concentration
The so-called diamond concentration, the diamond in the working layer is the carcass in the density distribution (i.e. contained within the unit area weight of the diamond). "Norms" provides work per cubic centimeter of the matrix containing 4.4 kt diamond, the concentration of 100%, including 3.3 kt diamond, the concentration was 75%. Volume concentration of said agglomerates in the volume occupied by the number of diamond and provides that when the volume of the total volume of the diamond 1/4 concentration of 100%. Increasing the concentration of diamond is expected to extend the life of the blade, because of the increased concentration of each piece of diamond is reduced, the average cutting force suffered. However, increasing the depth of the blade will increase the cost, so there is a concentration of the most economical, and the concentration with VS shear rate increases.
Head hardness binding agents
Generally, the higher the hardness green concrete blades binding agents, the stronger its wear resistance. Thus, when a large rock abrasive cutting, the bonding agent should be high hardness; when the cutting of soft rock material, the hardness of the binding agent should be low; when large and abrasive cutting hard rock, the binding agent should be moderate hardness .
Force effects, temperature effects and grinding damage
Diamond saw blades in the process of cutting stone, will be centrifugal force, cutting power, cutting hot alternating load effect.Because force and temperature effects caused by diamond saw blade worn to donate damage.Force effects: In the cutting process, the blade subject to axial force and tangential force. Because there is in the circumferential direction and the radial force, in the axial direction so that the blade wavy dish in radial direction. Both can cause deformation of the rock section is not flat, stone wasted, sawing noise, vibration intensified, resulting in diamond caking early damage, reduced blade life.Temperature effect: the traditional theory: the influence of temperature on the blade process is mainly manifested in two aspects: First, cause agglomeration of diamond graphitization; two diamond and matrix is caused by the thermal Wilson force caused premature loss of diamond particles . New research showed that: the heat generated during cutting the main incoming agglomeration. Arc temperature is not high, generally between 40 ~ 120 ℃. The abrasive grinding point temperature was high, generally between 250 ~ 700 ℃. The coolant only reduce the average temperature of the arc zone, the temperature has little effect on the grain. This does not result in graphite carbonization temperature, but will make the friction between the abrasive particles and the workpiece change in properties, and to occur between the diamond and the additive thermal stress, which led to a fundamental failure mechanisms curved diamond technology. Studies have shown that the temperature effect is to make the biggest factors blade breakage.Grinding damage: the force effects and temperature than the response, after a period of use of the blade tend to produce wear damage. Grinding damage in the form of mainly the following: abrasive wear, local Edge Pad crushing, a large area of broken off, binders direction along the cutting speed of the mechanical abrasions. Abrasive: Diamond particles and constant friction formula pieces, into a flat edge passivation, loss cutting, increasing friction. Heat causes the cutting surface of the diamond particles graphite sheet, the hardness greatly reduced, increased wear: the surface of the diamond particles exposed to alternating thermal stresses, and also the cutting under alternating stress, fatigue cracks will be partially broken, revealing a sharp new edge, is an ideal wear pattern; large area broken: diamond particles in the Leads to withstand shock loads, the more prominent grain and grain prematurely consumed; shedding: the diamond cutting force alternating binding agent particles are constantly being generated shaking loose. Meanwhile, the cutting process of the binding agent itself wear and cutting heat to soften the binding agent. This makes the gripping force decreased binding agent, when the particle is greater than the cutting force on the gripping force, the diamond particles will fall off. No matter what kind of wear and tear with the diamond particles to withstand load and temperature are closely related. Both of which are determined by Cheng cutting process and cooling lubrication conditions.
Segment concentration
The so-called diamond concentration, the diamond in the working layer is the carcass in the density distribution (i.e. contained within the unit area weight of the diamond). "Norms" provides work per cubic centimeter of the matrix containing 4.4 kt diamond, the concentration of 100%, including 3.3 kt diamond, the concentration was 75%. Volume concentration of said agglomerates in the volume occupied by the number of diamond and provides that when the volume of the total volume of the diamond 1/4 concentration of 100%. Increasing the concentration of diamond is expected to extend the life of the blade, because of the increased concentration of each piece of diamond is reduced, the average cutting force suffered. However, increasing the depth of the blade will increase the cost, so there is a concentration of the most economical, and the concentration with VS shear rate increases.
Head hardness binding agents
Generally, the higher the hardness green concrete blades binding agents, the stronger its wear resistance. Thus, when a large rock abrasive cutting, the bonding agent should be high hardness; when the cutting of soft rock material, the hardness of the binding agent should be low; when large and abrasive cutting hard rock, the binding agent should be moderate hardness .
Force effects, temperature effects and grinding damage
Diamond saw blades in the process of cutting stone, will be centrifugal force, cutting power, cutting hot alternating load effect.Because force and temperature effects caused by diamond saw blade worn to donate damage.Force effects: In the cutting process, the blade subject to axial force and tangential force. Because there is in the circumferential direction and the radial force, in the axial direction so that the blade wavy dish in radial direction. Both can cause deformation of the rock section is not flat, stone wasted, sawing noise, vibration intensified, resulting in diamond caking early damage, reduced blade life.Temperature effect: the traditional theory: the influence of temperature on the blade process is mainly manifested in two aspects: First, cause agglomeration of diamond graphitization; two diamond and matrix is caused by the thermal Wilson force caused premature loss of diamond particles . New research showed that: the heat generated during cutting the main incoming agglomeration. Arc temperature is not high, generally between 40 ~ 120 ℃. The abrasive grinding point temperature was high, generally between 250 ~ 700 ℃. The coolant only reduce the average temperature of the arc zone, the temperature has little effect on the grain. This does not result in graphite carbonization temperature, but will make the friction between the abrasive particles and the workpiece change in properties, and to occur between the diamond and the additive thermal stress, which led to a fundamental failure mechanisms curved diamond technology. Studies have shown that the temperature effect is to make the biggest factors blade breakage.Grinding damage: the force effects and temperature than the response, after a period of use of the blade tend to produce wear damage. Grinding damage in the form of mainly the following: abrasive wear, local Edge Pad crushing, a large area of broken off, binders direction along the cutting speed of the mechanical abrasions. Abrasive: Diamond particles and constant friction formula pieces, into a flat edge passivation, loss cutting, increasing friction. Heat causes the cutting surface of the diamond particles graphite sheet, the hardness greatly reduced, increased wear: the surface of the diamond particles exposed to alternating thermal stresses, and also the cutting under alternating stress, fatigue cracks will be partially broken, revealing a sharp new edge, is an ideal wear pattern; large area broken: diamond particles in the Leads to withstand shock loads, the more prominent grain and grain prematurely consumed; shedding: the diamond cutting force alternating binding agent particles are constantly being generated shaking loose. Meanwhile, the cutting process of the binding agent itself wear and cutting heat to soften the binding agent. This makes the gripping force decreased binding agent, when the particle is greater than the cutting force on the gripping force, the diamond particles will fall off. No matter what kind of wear and tear with the diamond particles to withstand load and temperature are closely related. Both of which are determined by Cheng cutting process and cooling lubrication conditions.
consumption of some of the blade tips
Blade differences,To determine the first fact is used by the blade has a big difference. In our sample, a total of 638 kinds of different blades to maintain the six sets of CNC lathe operation. Good side is that each blade are champions of each category. But the 638 kinds of blades used pack of 10 packaging, means inventory 6,380 blades. And turbo diamond blade all of these are just to maintain six lathe operation. The fact that the number of cutting edges of each blade is relatively small. In many workshops, car blade is still a triangle or diamond. Best combination of number of cutting edges (triangular inserts) and cutting edge strength (diamond blades) are provided on the convex triangular inserts possibility is clearly not sufficient in diamond bandsaw blades many cognitive workshop.
the best advice is to use a large size, strong blade. Carbide used in that era, although hard, but the toughness is not good enough. The strength of the blade through its sizes (= thickness of the blade blade blade = strength) to be guaranteed. A blade of the cutting edge length required at least three times greater than the depth of cut. At the same time two things have changed. On the one hand, the average depth of cut for turning has been significantly reduced. Seco conducted by the study showed that the average today turning cutting depth of about 2.5 ~ 3mm. On the masonry saw blades other hand, today's fourth generation carbide (in TP2500 example) has good toughness, and while its hardness (wear resistance) higher. This means that today's blades, and the cutting depth of the cutting edge length between a complete change to occur. The latest generation (in MF5 example) blade geometry can obviously suited to this new situation.Damage / unused cutting edgeWhen you according to their in-use way to look worn blades, the situation really become clear. The correct form of the cutting edge is worn flank safe, predictable and controllable wear. Cutting edge should not be broken. Cutting edge broken up because of incorrect use or improper use is cutting edge. Being thrown into a box mounted before the cutting edge wear, the cutting edge must be "worn" in. Yet it was discarded for the processing of the "new" cutting edge is always striking.
the best advice is to use a large size, strong blade. Carbide used in that era, although hard, but the toughness is not good enough. The strength of the blade through its sizes (= thickness of the blade blade blade = strength) to be guaranteed. A blade of the cutting edge length required at least three times greater than the depth of cut. At the same time two things have changed. On the one hand, the average depth of cut for turning has been significantly reduced. Seco conducted by the study showed that the average today turning cutting depth of about 2.5 ~ 3mm. On the masonry saw blades other hand, today's fourth generation carbide (in TP2500 example) has good toughness, and while its hardness (wear resistance) higher. This means that today's blades, and the cutting depth of the cutting edge length between a complete change to occur. The latest generation (in MF5 example) blade geometry can obviously suited to this new situation.Damage / unused cutting edgeWhen you according to their in-use way to look worn blades, the situation really become clear. The correct form of the cutting edge is worn flank safe, predictable and controllable wear. Cutting edge should not be broken. Cutting edge broken up because of incorrect use or improper use is cutting edge. Being thrown into a box mounted before the cutting edge wear, the cutting edge must be "worn" in. Yet it was discarded for the processing of the "new" cutting edge is always striking.
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